test_numpy_dtypes.cpp

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/*
  tests/test_numpy_dtypes.cpp -- Structured and compound NumPy dtypes
 
  Copyright (c) 2016 Ivan Smirnov
 
  All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
  BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
*/
 
#include "pybind11_tests.h"
#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
 
#ifdef __GNUC__
#define PYBIND11_PACKED(cls) cls __attribute__((__packed__))
#else
#define PYBIND11_PACKED(cls) __pragma(pack(push, 1)) cls __pragma(pack(pop))
#endif
 
namespace py = pybind11;
 
struct SimpleStruct {
    bool bool_;
    uint32_t uint_;
    float float_;
    long double ldbl_;
};
 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const SimpleStruct& v) {
    return os << "s:" << v.bool_ << "," << v.uint_ << "," << v.float_ << "," << v.ldbl_;
}
 
struct SimpleStructReordered {
    bool bool_;
    float float_;
    uint32_t uint_;
    long double ldbl_;
};
 
PYBIND11_PACKED(struct PackedStruct {
    bool bool_;
    uint32_t uint_;
    float float_;
    long double ldbl_;
});
 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const PackedStruct& v) {
    return os << "p:" << v.bool_ << "," << v.uint_ << "," << v.float_ << "," << v.ldbl_;
}
 
PYBIND11_PACKED(struct NestedStruct {
    SimpleStruct a;
    PackedStruct b;
});
 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const NestedStruct& v) {
    return os << "n:a=" << v.a << ";b=" << v.b;
}
 
struct PartialStruct {
    bool bool_;
    uint32_t uint_;
    float float_;
    uint64_t dummy2;
    long double ldbl_;
};
 
struct PartialNestedStruct {
    uint64_t dummy1;
    PartialStruct a;
    uint64_t dummy2;
};
 
struct UnboundStruct { };
 
struct StringStruct {
    char a[3];
    std::array<char, 3> b;
};
 
struct ComplexStruct {
    std::complex<float> cflt;
    std::complex<double> cdbl;
};
 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const ComplexStruct& v) {
    return os << "c:" << v.cflt << "," << v.cdbl;
}
 
struct ArrayStruct {
    char a[3][4];
    int32_t b[2];
    std::array<uint8_t, 3> c;
    std::array<float, 2> d[4];
};
 
PYBIND11_PACKED(struct StructWithUglyNames {
    int8_t __x__;
    uint64_t __y__;
});
 
enum class E1 : int64_t { A = -1, B = 1 };
enum E2 : uint8_t { X = 1, Y = 2 };
 
PYBIND11_PACKED(struct EnumStruct {
    E1 e1;
    E2 e2;
});
 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const StringStruct& v) {
    os << "a='";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3 && v.a[i]; i++) os << v.a[i];
    os << "',b='";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3 && v.b[i]; i++) os << v.b[i];
    return os << "'";
}
 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const ArrayStruct& v) {
    os << "a={";
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        if (i > 0)
            os << ',';
        os << '{';
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
            os << v.a[i][j] << ',';
        os << v.a[i][3] << '}';
    }
    os << "},b={" << v.b[0] << ',' << v.b[1];
    os << "},c={" << int(v.c[0]) << ',' << int(v.c[1]) << ',' << int(v.c[2]);
    os << "},d={";
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        if (i > 0)
            os << ',';
        os << '{' << v.d[i][0] << ',' << v.d[i][1] << '}';
    }
    return os << '}';
}
 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const EnumStruct& v) {
    return os << "e1=" << (v.e1 == E1::A ? "A" : "B") << ",e2=" << (v.e2 == E2::X ? "X" : "Y");
}
 
template <typename T>
py::array mkarray_via_buffer(size_t n) {
    return py::array(py::buffer_info(nullptr, sizeof(T),
                                     py::format_descriptor<T>::format(),
                                     1, { n }, { sizeof(T) }));
}
 
#define SET_TEST_VALS(s, i) do { \
    s.bool_ = (i) % 2 != 0; \
    s.uint_ = (uint32_t) (i); \
    s.float_ = (float) (i) * 1.5f; \
    s.ldbl_ = (long double) (i) * -2.5L; } while (0)
 
template <typename S>
py::array_t<S, 0> create_recarray(size_t n) {
    auto arr = mkarray_via_buffer<S>(n);
    auto req = arr.request();
    auto ptr = static_cast<S*>(req.ptr);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        SET_TEST_VALS(ptr[i], i);
    }
    return arr;
}
 
template <typename S>
py::list print_recarray(py::array_t<S, 0> arr) {
    const auto req = arr.request();
    const auto ptr = static_cast<S*>(req.ptr);
    auto l = py::list();
    for (py::ssize_t i = 0; i < req.size; i++) {
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << ptr[i];
        l.append(py::str(ss.str()));
    }
    return l;
}
 
py::array_t<int32_t, 0> test_array_ctors(int i) {
    using arr_t = py::array_t<int32_t, 0>;
 
    std::vector<int32_t> data { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
    std::vector<py::ssize_t> shape { 3, 2 };
    std::vector<py::ssize_t> strides { 8, 4 };
 
    auto ptr = data.data();
    auto vptr = (void *) ptr;
    auto dtype = py::dtype("int32");
 
    py::buffer_info buf_ndim1(vptr, 4, "i", 6);
    py::buffer_info buf_ndim1_null(nullptr, 4, "i", 6);
    py::buffer_info buf_ndim2(vptr, 4, "i", 2, shape, strides);
    py::buffer_info buf_ndim2_null(nullptr, 4, "i", 2, shape, strides);
 
    auto fill = [](py::array arr) {
        auto req = arr.request();
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) ((int32_t *) req.ptr)[i] = i + 1;
        return arr;
    };
 
    switch (i) {
    // shape: (3, 2)
    case 10: return arr_t(shape, strides, ptr);
    case 11: return py::array(shape, strides, ptr);
    case 12: return py::array(dtype, shape, strides, vptr);
    case 13: return arr_t(shape, ptr);
    case 14: return py::array(shape, ptr);
    case 15: return py::array(dtype, shape, vptr);
    case 16: return arr_t(buf_ndim2);
    case 17: return py::array(buf_ndim2);
    // shape: (3, 2) - post-fill
    case 20: return fill(arr_t(shape, strides));
    case 21: return py::array(shape, strides, ptr); // can't have nullptr due to templated ctor
    case 22: return fill(py::array(dtype, shape, strides));
    case 23: return fill(arr_t(shape));
    case 24: return py::array(shape, ptr); // can't have nullptr due to templated ctor
    case 25: return fill(py::array(dtype, shape));
    case 26: return fill(arr_t(buf_ndim2_null));
    case 27: return fill(py::array(buf_ndim2_null));
    // shape: (6, )
    case 30: return arr_t(6, ptr);
    case 31: return py::array(6, ptr);
    case 32: return py::array(dtype, 6, vptr);
    case 33: return arr_t(buf_ndim1);
    case 34: return py::array(buf_ndim1);
    // shape: (6, )
    case 40: return fill(arr_t(6));
    case 41: return py::array(6, ptr);  // can't have nullptr due to templated ctor
    case 42: return fill(py::array(dtype, 6));
    case 43: return fill(arr_t(buf_ndim1_null));
    case 44: return fill(py::array(buf_ndim1_null));
    }
    return arr_t();
}
 
py::list test_dtype_ctors() {
    py::list list;
    list.append(py::dtype("int32"));
    list.append(py::dtype(std::string("float64")));
    list.append(py::dtype::from_args(py::str("bool")));
    py::list names, offsets, formats;
    py::dict dict;
    names.append(py::str("a")); names.append(py::str("b")); dict["names"] = names;
    offsets.append(py::int_(1)); offsets.append(py::int_(10)); dict["offsets"] = offsets;
    formats.append(py::dtype("int32")); formats.append(py::dtype("float64")); dict["formats"] = formats;
    dict["itemsize"] = py::int_(20);
    list.append(py::dtype::from_args(dict));
    list.append(py::dtype(names, formats, offsets, 20));
    list.append(py::dtype(py::buffer_info((void *) 0, sizeof(unsigned int), "I", 1)));
    list.append(py::dtype(py::buffer_info((void *) 0, 0, "T{i:a:f:b:}", 1)));
    return list;
}
 
struct A {};
struct B {};
 
TEST_SUBMODULE(numpy_dtypes, m) {
    try { py::module_::import("numpy"); }
    catch (...) { return; }
 
    // typeinfo may be registered before the dtype descriptor for scalar casts to work...
    py::class_<SimpleStruct>(m, "SimpleStruct")
        // Explicit construct to ensure zero-valued initialization.
        .def(py::init([]() { return SimpleStruct(); }))
        .def_readwrite("bool_", &SimpleStruct::bool_)
        .def_readwrite("uint_", &SimpleStruct::uint_)
        .def_readwrite("float_", &SimpleStruct::float_)
        .def_readwrite("ldbl_", &SimpleStruct::ldbl_)
        .def("astuple", [](const SimpleStruct& self) {
            return py::make_tuple(self.bool_, self.uint_, self.float_, self.ldbl_);
        })
        .def_static("fromtuple", [](const py::tuple tup) {
            if (py::len(tup) != 4) {
                throw py::cast_error("Invalid size");
            }
            return SimpleStruct{
                tup[0].cast<bool>(),
                tup[1].cast<uint32_t>(),
                tup[2].cast<float>(),
                tup[3].cast<long double>()};
        });
 
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(SimpleStruct, bool_, uint_, float_, ldbl_);
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(SimpleStructReordered, bool_, uint_, float_, ldbl_);
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(PackedStruct, bool_, uint_, float_, ldbl_);
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(NestedStruct, a, b);
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(PartialStruct, bool_, uint_, float_, ldbl_);
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(PartialNestedStruct, a);
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(StringStruct, a, b);
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(ArrayStruct, a, b, c, d);
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(EnumStruct, e1, e2);
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(ComplexStruct, cflt, cdbl);
 
    // ... or after
    py::class_<PackedStruct>(m, "PackedStruct");
 
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE_EX(StructWithUglyNames, __x__, "x", __y__, "y");
 
    // If uncommented, this should produce a static_assert failure telling the user that the struct
    // is not a POD type
//    struct NotPOD { std::string v; NotPOD() : v("hi") {}; };
//    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(NotPOD, v);
 
    // Check that dtypes can be registered programmatically, both from
    // initializer lists of field descriptors and from other containers.
    py::detail::npy_format_descriptor<A>::register_dtype(
        {}
    );
    py::detail::npy_format_descriptor<B>::register_dtype(
        std::vector<py::detail::field_descriptor>{}
    );
 
    // test_recarray, test_scalar_conversion
    m.def("create_rec_simple", &create_recarray<SimpleStruct>);
    m.def("create_rec_packed", &create_recarray<PackedStruct>);
    m.def("create_rec_nested", [](size_t n) { // test_signature
        py::array_t<NestedStruct, 0> arr = mkarray_via_buffer<NestedStruct>(n);
        auto req = arr.request();
        auto ptr = static_cast<NestedStruct*>(req.ptr);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            SET_TEST_VALS(ptr[i].a, i);
            SET_TEST_VALS(ptr[i].b, i + 1);
        }
        return arr;
    });
    m.def("create_rec_partial", &create_recarray<PartialStruct>);
    m.def("create_rec_partial_nested", [](size_t n) {
        py::array_t<PartialNestedStruct, 0> arr = mkarray_via_buffer<PartialNestedStruct>(n);
        auto req = arr.request();
        auto ptr = static_cast<PartialNestedStruct*>(req.ptr);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            SET_TEST_VALS(ptr[i].a, i);
        }
        return arr;
    });
    m.def("print_rec_simple", &print_recarray<SimpleStruct>);
    m.def("print_rec_packed", &print_recarray<PackedStruct>);
    m.def("print_rec_nested", &print_recarray<NestedStruct>);
 
    // test_format_descriptors
    m.def("get_format_unbound", []() { return py::format_descriptor<UnboundStruct>::format(); });
    m.def("print_format_descriptors", []() {
        py::list l;
        for (const auto &fmt : {
            py::format_descriptor<SimpleStruct>::format(),
            py::format_descriptor<PackedStruct>::format(),
            py::format_descriptor<NestedStruct>::format(),
            py::format_descriptor<PartialStruct>::format(),
            py::format_descriptor<PartialNestedStruct>::format(),
            py::format_descriptor<StringStruct>::format(),
            py::format_descriptor<ArrayStruct>::format(),
            py::format_descriptor<EnumStruct>::format(),
            py::format_descriptor<ComplexStruct>::format()
        }) {
            l.append(py::cast(fmt));
        }
        return l;
    });
 
    // test_dtype
    m.def("print_dtypes", []() {
        py::list l;
        for (const py::handle &d : {
            py::dtype::of<SimpleStruct>(),
            py::dtype::of<PackedStruct>(),
            py::dtype::of<NestedStruct>(),
            py::dtype::of<PartialStruct>(),
            py::dtype::of<PartialNestedStruct>(),
            py::dtype::of<StringStruct>(),
            py::dtype::of<ArrayStruct>(),
            py::dtype::of<EnumStruct>(),
            py::dtype::of<StructWithUglyNames>(),
            py::dtype::of<ComplexStruct>()
        })
            l.append(py::str(d));
        return l;
    });
    m.def("test_dtype_ctors", &test_dtype_ctors);
    m.def("test_dtype_methods", []() {
        py::list list;
        auto dt1 = py::dtype::of<int32_t>();
        auto dt2 = py::dtype::of<SimpleStruct>();
        list.append(dt1); list.append(dt2);
        list.append(py::bool_(dt1.has_fields())); list.append(py::bool_(dt2.has_fields()));
        list.append(py::int_(dt1.itemsize())); list.append(py::int_(dt2.itemsize()));
        return list;
    });
    struct TrailingPaddingStruct {
        int32_t a;
        char b;
    };
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(TrailingPaddingStruct, a, b);
    m.def("trailing_padding_dtype", []() { return py::dtype::of<TrailingPaddingStruct>(); });
 
    // test_string_array
    m.def("create_string_array", [](bool non_empty) {
        py::array_t<StringStruct, 0> arr = mkarray_via_buffer<StringStruct>(non_empty ? 4 : 0);
        if (non_empty) {
            auto req = arr.request();
            auto ptr = static_cast<StringStruct*>(req.ptr);
            for (py::ssize_t i = 0; i < req.size * req.itemsize; i++)
                static_cast<char*>(req.ptr)[i] = 0;
            ptr[1].a[0] = 'a'; ptr[1].b[0] = 'a';
            ptr[2].a[0] = 'a'; ptr[2].b[0] = 'a';
            ptr[3].a[0] = 'a'; ptr[3].b[0] = 'a';
 
            ptr[2].a[1] = 'b'; ptr[2].b[1] = 'b';
            ptr[3].a[1] = 'b'; ptr[3].b[1] = 'b';
 
            ptr[3].a[2] = 'c'; ptr[3].b[2] = 'c';
        }
        return arr;
    });
    m.def("print_string_array", &print_recarray<StringStruct>);
 
    // test_array_array
    m.def("create_array_array", [](size_t n) {
        py::array_t<ArrayStruct, 0> arr = mkarray_via_buffer<ArrayStruct>(n);
        auto ptr = (ArrayStruct *) arr.mutable_data();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (size_t j = 0; j < 3; j++)
                for (size_t k = 0; k < 4; k++)
                    ptr[i].a[j][k] = char('A' + (i * 100 + j * 10 + k) % 26);
            for (size_t j = 0; j < 2; j++)
                ptr[i].b[j] = int32_t(i * 1000 + j);
            for (size_t j = 0; j < 3; j++)
                ptr[i].c[j] = uint8_t(i * 10 + j);
            for (size_t j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                for (size_t k = 0; k < 2; k++)
                    ptr[i].d[j][k] = float(i) * 100.0f + float(j) * 10.0f + float(k);
        }
        return arr;
    });
    m.def("print_array_array", &print_recarray<ArrayStruct>);
 
    // test_enum_array
    m.def("create_enum_array", [](size_t n) {
        py::array_t<EnumStruct, 0> arr = mkarray_via_buffer<EnumStruct>(n);
        auto ptr = (EnumStruct *) arr.mutable_data();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            ptr[i].e1 = static_cast<E1>(-1 + ((int) i % 2) * 2);
            ptr[i].e2 = static_cast<E2>(1 + (i % 2));
        }
        return arr;
    });
    m.def("print_enum_array", &print_recarray<EnumStruct>);
 
    // test_complex_array
    m.def("create_complex_array", [](size_t n) {
        py::array_t<ComplexStruct, 0> arr = mkarray_via_buffer<ComplexStruct>(n);
        auto ptr = (ComplexStruct *) arr.mutable_data();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            ptr[i].cflt.real(float(i));
            ptr[i].cflt.imag(float(i) + 0.25f);
            ptr[i].cdbl.real(double(i) + 0.5);
            ptr[i].cdbl.imag(double(i) + 0.75);
        }
        return arr;
    });
    m.def("print_complex_array", &print_recarray<ComplexStruct>);
 
    // test_array_constructors
    m.def("test_array_ctors", &test_array_ctors);
 
    // test_compare_buffer_info
    struct CompareStruct {
        bool x;
        uint32_t y;
        float z;
    };
    PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(CompareStruct, x, y, z);
    m.def("compare_buffer_info", []() {
        py::list list;
        list.append(py::bool_(py::detail::compare_buffer_info<float>::compare(py::buffer_info(nullptr, sizeof(float), "f", 1))));
        list.append(py::bool_(py::detail::compare_buffer_info<unsigned>::compare(py::buffer_info(nullptr, sizeof(int), "I", 1))));
        list.append(py::bool_(py::detail::compare_buffer_info<long>::compare(py::buffer_info(nullptr, sizeof(long), "l", 1))));
        list.append(py::bool_(py::detail::compare_buffer_info<long>::compare(py::buffer_info(nullptr, sizeof(long), sizeof(long) == sizeof(int) ? "i" : "q", 1))));
        list.append(py::bool_(py::detail::compare_buffer_info<CompareStruct>::compare(py::buffer_info(nullptr, sizeof(CompareStruct), "T{?:x:3xI:y:f:z:}", 1))));
        return list;
    });
    m.def("buffer_to_dtype", [](py::buffer& buf) { return py::dtype(buf.request()); });
 
    // test_scalar_conversion
    auto f_simple = [](SimpleStruct s) { return s.uint_ * 10; };
    m.def("f_simple", f_simple);
    m.def("f_packed", [](PackedStruct s) { return s.uint_ * 10; });
    m.def("f_nested", [](NestedStruct s) { return s.a.uint_ * 10; });
 
    // test_vectorize
    m.def("f_simple_vectorized", py::vectorize(f_simple));
    auto f_simple_pass_thru = [](SimpleStruct s) { return s; };
    m.def("f_simple_pass_thru_vectorized", py::vectorize(f_simple_pass_thru));
 
    // test_register_dtype
    m.def("register_dtype", []() { PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE(SimpleStruct, bool_, uint_, float_, ldbl_); });
 
    // test_str_leak
    m.def("dtype_wrapper", [](py::object d) { return py::dtype::from_args(std::move(d)); });
}